Category: Optical Transport Networks

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 6 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry – OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk Function

This post presents the 6th of the 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU Layer. This post focuses on the Sink Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 6 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 4

This blog post contains a video that focuses on the OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.  

The OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk Function has many of the same features/functionality as the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function.  

However, the OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk function supports the transport/reception of an OTU signal over a Single-Lane Connection (instead of 4 electrical lanes – such as the OTL3.4 or OTL4.4 Interface). Hence, this Atomic Function applies to OTU1 and OTU2 applications.  

The main difference between the OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk function and the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function is that the OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk function will detect and declare the OTUk-AIS defect.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 6 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry – OTSi/OTUk_A_Sk Function”

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 5 – Conclusion of OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function

This post presents the 5th of 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU Layer. This post focuses on the Sink Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 5 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 3

This blog post contains another video that focuses on (and wraps up our discussion on) the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.  

This Video serves as Part 3 within our Sink (or Receive) Direction Analysis of OTU-Layer Atomic functions.  This Video is also the 5th of 11 videos within Lesson 9.  

We start this Video by reviewing the complete list of defects that the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function declares and clears.  Afterward, I will introduce you to the following:

  • The concept/purpose of Consequent Equations
  • A Review (and interpretation) of Consequent Equations for the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.  
  • Introduction to Defect Correlation
  • A Review of the Defect Correlation Equations for the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.
  • A Review of the Performance Monitoring Equations for the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.  
  • A Final Summary of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 5 – Conclusion of OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function”

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 4 – OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function/FEC Decoding/dLOM Defect

This post presents the 4th of 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU-Layer. This post focuses on the Sink Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 4 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 2

This blog post contains a video that continues our discussion of the Sink (or Receive) Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions (circuitry).  

This Video serves as Part 2 of the Sink Direction/OTU-Layer Training Videos.  It is also the 4th out of 11 Videos within Lesson 9.  

This Video discusses the following topics (still within the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function).

  • FEC Decoding, and
  • The Multi-Frame Alignment and dLOM (Loss of Multi-Frame) defect block.  

In this case, we describe how the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function declares and clears the dLOM (Loss of Multi-Frame) defect condition by walking through and discussing the dLOM/In-Multi-Frame Alignment State Machine diagram.  

I wrap up this Video by discussing why clearing the dLOM defect condition is essential for handling/processing OTN signals.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 4 – OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function/FEC Decoding/dLOM Defect”

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 3 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry – Part 1

This post presents the 3rd of 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU-Layer. This post focuses on the Sink-Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 3 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 1

This blog post contains a video that begins our discussion of the Sink (Receive) Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.  

This Video starts with a brief re-cap of a portion of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function (aka OTL4.4 Sink Terminal).  

In this case, I specifically call out and identify portions of this Atomic Function that we discussed in Lessons 6 or 7 and those portions that we did not.  

  • In Lesson 7, we discussed that part of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function handled OTL4.4 or OTL4.20 logical lane signals.  
  • Lesson 6 also discussed part of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function that handled the OTL3.4 lane signal.  

I also show you the differences between the OTU3 version of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function and that for OTU4.  

Late in this Video, we start to discuss that portion of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function that handles the combined (composite) OTU3/OTU4 signal.  This portion includes

  • Discussing how the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk function declares and clears the dLOF defect by reviewing the Frame Alignment Block – dLOF/In-Frame State Machine Diagram, and
  • Descrambling of the OTU3/OTU4 data stream.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 3 – OTU Layer Sink Direction Circuitry – Part 1”

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 2 – OTU Layer Source Direction – Part 2

This post presents the 2nd of 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU-Layer. This post focuses on the Source-Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 2 – OTU Layer Source Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 2

This blog post contains a video that discusses the OTU Layer Source Direction circuitry.  This Video is the 2nd of 11 videos that focus on the OTU Layer.

This Video discusses the role/functionality of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_So Atomic Function (aka OTL3.4 or OTL4.4 Source Terminal) and the OTSi/OTUk_A_So Atomic Function (for OTU1 and OTU2 applications).   

I will briefly describe the role of these atomic functions below.

Role of the OTSiG/OTUk_A_So Atomic Function

  • To insert the FAS/MFAS fields into the Outbound OTU3/OTU4 data-stream
  • Compute the FEC-field and insert it into the backend of each outbound OTU3 or OTU4 frame.
  • Scramble the outbound OTU3/OTU4 data-stream
  • Convert an OTU3 or OTU4 signal into an OTL3.4 or OTL4.4 set of signals.  
  • Forward this OTL3.4 or OTL4.4 set of signals to an Optical Module for further processing.  

Role of the OTSi/OTUk_A_So Atomic Function

  • To insert the FAS/MFAS fields  into the outbound OTU1/OTU2 data-stream
  • Computer the FEC-field and insert it into the backend of each outbound OTU1 or OTU2 frame.
  • Scramble the outbound OTU1/OTU2 data stream.
  • Forward this scrambled (and FEC encoded) OTU1 or OTU2 data stream to an Optical Module for further processing.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 2 – OTU Layer Source Direction – Part 2”

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 1 – OTU Layer Source Direction – Part 1

This post presents the first of 11 Videos that covers training on Performance Monitoring at the OTU-Layer. This post focuses on the Source-Direction OTU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 1 – OTU Layer Source Direction Circuitry/Functionality – Part 1

This blog post contains a video that begins the discussion of the OTU-Layer Source Direction circuitry.

In particular, this video discusses the following Atomic Functions:

  • The OTUk/ODUk_A_So Atomic Function, and
  • The OTUk_TT_So Atomic Function.

The Role of the OTUk/ODUk_A_So Function

In short, the OTUk/ODUk_A_So Atomic Function is responsible for taking an ODUk client signal and mapping it into an OTUk server signal.

As the OTUk/ODUk_A_So Atomic function generate this OTUk server signal, it will insert default values for the OTUk Overhead fields, into its outbound OTU data-stream.

The Role of the OTUk_TT_So Function

The OTUk_TT_So Atomic Function will accept the OTU data-stream (from the upstream OTUk/ODUk_A_So Function) and will compute real (and correct) values for the OTU Overhead fields.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 9 – Video 1 – OTU Layer Source Direction – Part 1”

Lesson 5 – Videos for Mapping/Multiplexing ODUj Tributaries into an ODU4 Server Signal

This blog post presents both written and video training on mapping/multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal.

Lesson 5 – The Videos for Mapping/Multiplexing ODUj Tributaries into an ODU4 Server Signal

This post presents some training information and videos on how we map/multiplex Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal.

In particular, this post will present videos for the following topics.

  • Each of the following Mapping/Multiplexing schemes:
    • 80 ODU0 Tributary signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal
    • 40 ODU1 Tributary signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal
    • 10 ODU2/2e Tributary signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal
    • 2 ODU3 Tributary signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal
    • Some number of ODUflex Tributary signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal
  • Summarizing What We’ve Learned – Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal.

Continue reading “Lesson 5 – Videos for Mapping/Multiplexing ODUj Tributaries into an ODU4 Server Signal”

Lesson 5 – PT = 0x21 Approach/ODU4 – Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODU4 Server Signal

This blog post provides an introduction to the PT = 0x21 Approach for Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODUk Server Signal. It also discusses the General Rules for Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODU4 Server Signal.

Lesson 5 – General Rules for Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODU4 Server Signal

Whenever you wish to map/multiplex Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary signals into an ODU4 Server Signal, things are a bit different from that if you were to map/multiplex these tributary signals into an ODU1, ODU2, or ODU3 server signal.  

For example, whenever we map/multiplex lower-speed ODUj tributary signals into an ODU4 server signal, we ALWAYS use GMP (Generic Mapping Procedure).  

This page includes a video that discusses the basic RULES for Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an OPU4/ODU4 Server Signal.  

Afterward, I present links to many videos that permit you to review the specific mapping/multiplexing cases you wish to learn about.   I list links to the following videos.

  • Mapping as Many as 80 ODU0 tributary signals into an ODU4 Server Signal
  • Mapping as Many as 40 ODU1 tributary signals  into an ODU4 Server Signal
  • Mapping as Many as 10 ODU2 or ODU2e tributary signals into an ODU4 Server Signal
  • Mapping as Many as 2 ODU3 tributary signals into ODU4 Server Signal
  • Mapping Some Number of ODUflex signals into an ODU4 Server Signal
  • A Summary of Everything We’ve Learned about Mapping/Multiplexing ODUj Tributaries into an ODU4 Server Signal.  

Continue reading “Lesson 5 – PT = 0x21 Approach/ODU4 – Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODU4 Server Signal”

Lesson 5 – PT = 0x20 Approach

This blog post provides information and Video Training on the PT = 0x20 Approach for Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODUk Server Signal.

Lesson 5 – PT = 0x20 Approach to Mapping/Multiplexing Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an ODUk Server Signal.

This portion of Lesson 5 presents information, along with a Training Video on how we Map and Multiplex Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals into a Higher-Speed ODUk Server Signal using the PT = 0x20 Approach.

This Lesson includes four (4) videos discussing mapping/multiplexing lower-speed ODUj Tributary Signals into an OPUk/ODUk Server Signal using the PT = 0x20 scheme.

Introduction to the PT = 0x20 Scheme and Mapping/Multiplexing up to 2 ODU0 Tributary Signals into an ODU1 Server Signal

This video covers the following topics.

  • An overall discussion of the PT = 0x20 Scheme to Mapping and Multiplexing Lower-Tributary ODUj signals into an ODUk Server signal.
  • How do we use the PT =0x20 Approach to mapping/multiplexing 2 ODU0 signals into an ODU1 server signal? As this video discusses this particular mapping/multiplexing scheme, it will cover the following items in detail.
    • Using the AMP (Asynchronous Mapping Procedure) to map each ODU0 tributary signal into an ODTU01 frame/signal.
    • How do we combine each ODTU01 signal and map this data into the ODU1 payload?
    • Transporting these AMP Justification parameters from the Source PTE (where we map/multiplex these ODU0 tributary signals into the ODU1 server signal) and the Sink PTE (where we de-multiplex and de-map out the ODU0 tributary signals).
    • The Multiplexed Structure Identifier within this type of ODU1 server signal.

You can watch the Video Training that Introduces the PT = 0x20 Scheme and discusses Mapping/Multiplexing up to 2 ODU0 Tributary Signals into an ODU1 Server below.

Continue reading “Lesson 5 – PT = 0x20 Approach”

Lesson 2 – OTU Framing

This post provides a comprehensive review and video training of the OTU frame and its overhead fields.

Lesson 2 – Optical Transport Unit Frame Training

This post includes a video that discusses the OTU (Optical Transport Unit) frames in considerable detail.  

In particular, this video will discuss the OTU frame format and the roles each of its overhead fields plays.

Continue reading “Lesson 2 – OTU Framing”