OTN Related Topics within this Blog

General Topics

• Consequent Equations – What are they and How can you use them?
• Defect – What is the Basic Definition of a Defect?
• Defect Correlation – What is it and How should you Interpret it?

OTUk Related Topics

• What Does the OTU Layer Do and Monitor?  

OTUk Framing Format and OTUk-SMOH (Section Monitoring Overhead)

• OTUk Frame Structure – Fully Compliant OTUk Frames
• OTUkV Frame Structure – Functionally Compliant OTUkV Frames
• OTUk-SMOH (Section Monitoring Overhead)
• Section Terminating Equipment (STE)

OTUk Maintenance Signals

• OTUk-AIS

Other Forms of OTUk Signals

• OTUk Trail-Trace Identification Message

OTUk-Related Defects

• dLOS-P – Loss of Signal – Path
• dLOS-P[i] – Loss of Signal – Path, for Electrical Lane i (OTL3.4/4.4)
• dLOFLANE[j] – Loss of Frame of Logical Lane j (OTL3.4/4.4)(*)
• dLOL – Loss of Lane Alignment (OTL3.4/4.4)(*)
• dLOF – Loss of Frame
• dLOM – Loss of Multiframe
• dAIS – Alarm Indication Status
• dTIM – Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch (SM-TIM)(*)
• dIAE – Input Alignment Error(*)
• dBDI – Backward Defect Indicator
• dBIAE – Backward Input Alignment Error(*)
• dDEG – Signal Degrade (SM-DEG)(*)

OTUk-Related Errors

• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• OTUk (or SM-BIP-8) Errors
• SM-BEI Counts

OTUk-Related Performance Monitoring Parameters

• pF_DS – Far-End Defect Second
• pF_EBC – Far-End Errored Block Count
• pN_DS – Near-End Defect Second
• pN_EBC – Near-End Errored Block Count

OTUk Atomic Functions

• Basic Description of OTN Atomic Functions

Functions that are Applicable to OTU1 through OTU4 Rates

• OTSi/OTUk-a_A_Sk (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Sink Function with FEC)
• OTSi/OTUk-a_A_So (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Source Function with FEC)
• OTSi/OTUk-v_A_Sk (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Sink Function with Vendor-Specific FEC)
• OTSi/OTUk-v_A_So (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Source Function with Vendor-Specific FEC)

Functions that are Applicable to OTU1 through OTU2 Rates

• OTSi/OTUk-b_A_Sk (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Sink Function without FEC)
• OTSi/OTUk-b_A_Sk (OTSi to OTUk Adaptation Source Function without FEC)

Functions that are Applicable to OTU3 and OTU4 Rates ONLY

• OTSiG/OTUk-a_A_Sk (OTSiG to OTUk Adaptation Sink Function with FEC)
• OTSiG/OTUk-a_A_So (OTSiG to OTUk Adaptation Source Function with FEC)

Functions that are Applicable to OTU3 Rates ONLY

• OTSiG/OTUk-b_A_Sk (OPSM to OTUk Adaptation Sink Function without FEC)
• OTSiG/OTUk-b_A_So (OPSM to OTUk Adaptation Source Function without FEC)

Functions that apply to ALL OTUk Rates up to OTU4

• OTUk_TT_Sk (OTUk Trail Termination – Sink) Function
• OTUk_TT_So (OTUk Trail Termination – Source) Function
• OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk (OTUk/ODUk Adaptation – Sink) Function
• OTUk/ODUk_A_So (OTUk/ODUk Adaptation – Source) Function

Interfacing a High-Speed OTUk Signal to the Outside World

• The OTL3.4 Interface(*)
• The OTL.4.10 Interface
• The OTL4.4 Interface(*)

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ODUk Related Topics

• What Does the ODU Layer Do and Monitor?

ODUk Framing Format and ODUk-PMOH (Path Monitoring Overhead)

• ODUk Frame Structure
• ODUk-PMOH (Path Monitoring Overhead)
• Path Terminating Equipment (PTE)

Other Forms of ODUk Signals

• Extra Traffic Signal (Protection Switching)
• ODUk Trail-Trace Identification Message
• NULL Signal

ODUk Maintenance Signals

• ODU-AIS Maintenance Signal
• ODU-LCK Maintenance Signal
• ODU-OCI Maintenance Signal

ODUk Related Defects

• dAIS – Alarm Indication Status
• dTIM – Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch (at the ODUk Layer)(*)
• dLCK – Locked Defect Condition
• dOCI – Open Connection Indicator Defect Condition
• dBDI –  Backward Defect Indicator
• dDEG – Signal Degrade(at the ODUk Layer)(*)
• dLOOMFI – Loss of OMFI Synchronization Defect(*)
• dLOFLOM[p] – Loss of Frame/Loss of Multi-Frame (Multiplexed Applications Only)(*)

ODUk Atomic Functions

• ODUk_TT_Sk (ODUk Trail Termination – Sink) Function
• ODUk_TT_So (ODUk Trail Termination – Source) Function
• OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk (OTUk/ODUk Adaptation – Sink) Function
• OTUk/ODUk_A_So (OTUk/ODUk Adaptation – Source) Function
• ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk 
• ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_So

OPUk Related Topics

• Payload Structure Identifier
  • Payload Type (PT)
  • Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI)

OPUk Related Defects

• dPLM – Payload Type Mismatch Defect
• dMSIM[p] – Multiplex Structure Identifier Mismatch – Defect – Tributary Port p.

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Mapping of non-OTN Client Signals into OPUk/ODUk Signals

• BMP – Bit Synchronous Mapping Procedure
• AMP – Asynchronous Mapping Procedure
• GMP – Generic Mapping Procedure(*)

Multiplexing/Mapping Lower-Speed ODUj Signals into Higher-Speed ODUk Signals

PT = 0x20 – Approach to Multiplexing/Mapping

• ODU1 Server Signal
  • ODU0 ⇒ ODTU01 ⇒ x4 ⇒ ODTUG1 ⇒ OPU1 ⇒ ODU1
• ODU2 Server Signal
  • ODU1 ⇒ ODTU12 ⇒ x4 ⇒ ODTUG2⇒ OPU2 ⇒ ODU2
• ODU3 Server Signal
  • ODU1 ⇒ ODTU13 ⇒ x16 ⇒ ODTUG3⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
  • ODU2 ⇒ ODTU23 ⇒ x4 ⇒ ODTUG3⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3

PT = 0x21 – Approach to Multiplexing/Mapping

• ODU2 Server Signal
  • ODU0 ⇒ ODTU2.1 ⇒ x8 ⇒ ODTUG2 ⇒ OPU2 ⇒ ODU2
  • ODU1 ⇒ ODTU12 ⇒ x4 ⇒ ODTUG2 ⇒ OPU2 ⇒ ODU2
  • ODUflex ⇒ ODTU2.ts ⇒ x8/ts ⇒ ODTUG2 ⇒ OPU2 ⇒ ODU2
• ODU3 Server Signal
  • ODU0 ⇒ ODTU3.1 ⇒ x32 ⇒ ODTUG3 ⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
  • ODU1 ⇒ ODTU13 ⇒ x16 ⇒ ODTUG3 ⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
  • ODU2 ⇒ ODTU23 ⇒ x4 ⇒ ODTUG3 ⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
  • ODU2e ⇒ ODTU3.9 ⇒ x3 ⇒ ODTUG3 ⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
  • ODUflex ⇒ ODTU3.ts ⇒ x32/ts ⇒ ODTUG3 ⇒ OPU3 ⇒ ODU3
• ODU4 Server Signal
  • ODU0 ⇒ ODTU4.1 ⇒ x80 ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4
  • ODU1 ⇒ ODTU4.2 ⇒ x40 ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4
  • ODU2 ⇒ ODTU4.8 ⇒ x10 ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4
  • ODU2e ⇒ ODTU4.8 ⇒ x10 ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4
  • ODU3 ⇒ ODTU4.31 ⇒ x2 ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4
  • ODUflex ⇒ ODTU4.ts ⇒ x80/ts ⇒ ODTUG4 ⇒ OPU4 ⇒ ODU4

Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) Topics

• What is Tandem Connection Monitoring, and Why Do We Need it?
• The TCMOH (TCM Overhead) Field
• Cascaded Domains
• Nested Domains

Tandem Connection Monitoring Atomic Functions

• dLTC – Loss of Tandem Connection Monitoring
• ODUT/ODU_A_So (ODUT to ODUP Adaptation Source) Function
• ODUT_TT_So (ODUT Trail Termination Source) Function
• ODUT/ODU_A_Sk (ODUT to ODUP Adaptation Sink) Function
• ODUT_TT_Sk (ODUT Trail Termination Sink) Function
• TCM Controller Function

Protection Switching (Linear)

• What is Linear Protection-Switching?

1+1 Protection-Switching Architecture

• Permanent Bridge

1:N Protection-Switching Architecture

• Broadcast Bridge

Unidirectional Protection-Switching

• What is Unidirectional Protection-Switching

Bidirectional Protection-Switching

• What is Bidirectional Protection-Switching

Reverting Protection-Switching

• Wait-to-Restore
• The WTR (Wait-to-Restore) Command

Non-Reverting Protection-Switching

• The DNR (Do-Not-Revert) Command

Types of Monitoring (for Protection-Switching)

SNC/I – Sub-Network Circuit/Inherent Monitoring

• What is SNC/I Monitoring – at the OTUk Layer?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SF for SNC/I Monitoring – at the OTUk Layer?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SD for SNC/I Monitoring – at the OTUk Layer?
• What is SNC/I Monitoring – at the ODUk Layer?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SF for SNC/I Monitoring – at the ODUk Layer?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SD for SNC/I Monitoring – at the ODUk Layer?

SNC/S – Sub-Network Circuit/Sublayer Monitoring

• What is SNC/S Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SF for SNC/S Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SD for SNC/S Monitoring?

SNC/Ne – Sub-Network Circuit/Non-Intrusive Monitoring – End-to-End

• What is SNC/Ne Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SF for SNC/Ne Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SD for SNC/S Monitoring?

SNC/Ns – Sub-Network Circuit/Non-Intrusive Monitoring – Sublayer

• What is SNC/Ns Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SF for SNC/Ns Monitoring?
• When will the Tail-End circuitry declare SD for SNC/Ns Monitoring

The APS/PCC Protection-Switching Protocol for Linear Protection Switching

• The APS/PCC field-format for Linear-Protection-Switching
• APS Command Priorities for Linear Protection-Switching
• The LoP (Lock-Out of Protection) Command
• The SF-P (Signal Fail in the Protection Transport Entity) Command
• The SF-W (Signal Fail in the Working Transport Entity) Command

Protection Switching (ODUk Shared Ring)

• What is Shared-Ring Protection-Switching?

2-Fibre/2-Lambda Shared-Ring Protection-Switching Systems

4-Fibre/4-Lambda Shared-Ring Protection-Switching Systems

Span-Switching

• Span-Switching Example

Ring-Switching

• Ring-Switching Example

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