OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Back into an OTU4 Signal – Video 2

This post presents both information and video training on how we take an OTL4.4 signal and recombine it back into a composite OTU4 signal. This post serves as the second of 3 videos for the OTL4.4 Sink Terminal.

OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Signals back into a Composite OTU4 Signal – Video 2 of 3

This blog post contains the 2nd of 3 videos that discusses how we convert an OTL4.4 interface (or set of signals) back into a single (composite) OTU4 signal.

This video discusses how we declare and clear the dLOFLANE (Loss of Frame of Logical Lane) defect condition (by walking through the OTL4.20 dLOFLANE/In-Frame State Machine.

This video also starts the discussion of how we declare the dLOR (Loss of Recovery) defect for each of the 20 Logical Lanes.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Back into an OTU4 Signal – Video 2”

OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Back into an OTU4 Signal

This post presents both information and video training on how we take an OTL4.4 signal and recombine it back into a composite OTU4 signal. This post serves as the first of 3 videos for the OTL4.4 Sink Terminal.

This video introduces the OTL4.4 Sink Terminal (and the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function) and focuses on the Lane Frame Alignment Block and the dLOFLANE/In-Frame State Machine Diagram.

OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Signals back into a Composite OTU4 Signal – Video 1 of 3

This blog post contains the first (of 3) videos that describes how we take an OTL4.4 Interface (or set of signals) and converts these signals back into a single (composite) OTU4 signal.

This video introduces the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Atomic Function (a fancy word for OTL4.4 Sink Terminal).

This video discusses how the OTSiG/OTUk_A_Sk Function accepts electrical lane signals from an Optical Module (in the OTL4.4 format) and processes these signals by:

Checking to see if we should declare/clear the dLOS-P (Loss of Signal – Path) Defect condition with these Electrical Lane signals, and
De-Multiplexing these signals into the 20 Logical Lane signal.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 7 – Converting OTL4.4 Back into an OTU4 Signal”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Handling Defects at the ODU-Layer – Defect Scenario Video

In this video, we presume that some ODUk- (or OTUk-) Layer circuitry is declaring a certain defect condition. We then determine how ODU-layer circuitry is expected to respond.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Handling Defects at the ODU-Layer – Defect Scenario for Multiplexed and Non-Multiplexed Applications

This video summarizes the various defects that OTN circuitry can declare/clear at the ODU-Layer.

This video also describes how ODU-Layer circuitry is expected to respond to each ODU-Layer (or upstream OTU-Layer) defect.

Should it transmit PM-BDI (Path Monitoring – Backward Defect Indicator) upstream?
Should it replace the under-lying 100oBASE-X or 100GBASE-R client signal with the Link or Local Fault Indicator?

This video answers these questions and more.

NOTE: This video covers both Non-Multiplexed and Multiplexed Applications.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Handling Defects at the ODU-Layer – Defect Scenario Video”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6M – End of ODU-Layer/Multiplexed Sink Circuitry

This post presents the 6th of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6M – The ODU0_TT_Sk and ODUkP/CBR_ETC1000X_A_Sk Atomic Functions

This blog post contains a video that wraps up our discussion of the Sink (or Receive) Atomic Function circuitry for the ODU-Layer/Multiplexed Applications.

More specifically, this video includes a discussion of the following Atomic Functions.

ODU0_TT_Sk Function, and
ODU0P/CBR_1000X-g_A_Sk Function

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6M – End of ODU-Layer/Multiplexed Sink Circuitry”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 5M – Conclusion of the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Function

This post presents the 5th of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 5M – Conclusion of the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function

This blog post includes a video that continues our discussion of the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function.

In this case, we will start talking about defects that this function declares within the Lower-Speed ODUj Tributary Signals, which demultiplexes and demaps from the incoming ODUk Server Signal.

These defects include:

dMSIM[p] – Multiplex Structure Identifier Mismatch – for each ODUj Tributary Port signal, p, and
dLOFLOM[p] – Loss of Frame, Loss of Multi-Frame Defect (again) for each ODUj Tributary Port signal, p.

NOTE: We describe how the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk function declares and clears the dLOFLOM defect condition as we walk through the dLOFLOM/In-Frame State Machine Diagram.

Afterward, we discuss:

Defect Correlation Equations and Analysis, and
Consequent Equation Analysis

Finally, we wrap up and summarize the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Function.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 5M – Conclusion of the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Function”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 4M – ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function

This post presents the 4th of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 4M – Continuation with the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function

This blog post contains a video that continues our discussion of the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function. Further, this video picks up (where we left off in Video 3M) where we were discussing the need to maintain synchronization with the OMFI byte-field, and

It proceeds to describe how the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk declares and clears the dLOOMFI defect condition as we walk through the dLOOMFI/In-Multi-Frame State Machine Diagram.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 4M – ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 3M – ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Function

This post presents the 3rd of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 3M – The ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk (The ODUk to ODUj Multiplex Sink) Atomic Function

This page contains a video that discusses the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Atomic Function in detail.

The purpose of this Atomic Function is to accept an ODUkP server signal and de-multiplex and de-map out each of the various lower-speed ODUj tributary signals within this ODUkP server signal.

This atomic function will also check for each of the following defects within the ODUkP Server and ODUj Tributary Signals:

ODUkP Server Level
- Service-Affecting Defects
  - dLOOMFI
  - dPLM
ODUj Tributary Level
- Service-Affecting Defects
  - dLOFLOM[p]
  - dMSIM[p]

We will cover how the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk function declares and clears these defects. And More….

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 3M – ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk Function”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 2M – The OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk and ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Functions

This post presents the 2nd of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 2M – The OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk and ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Functions

This blog post includes a video that begins our discussion of the Sink (or Receive) Direction Atomic Function/Circuitry for the ODU-Layer/Multiplexed Applications.

In particular, this video reviews the following Atomic Functions

OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk Function
ODUk_TT_Sk Function

NOTE: Even though we did review these functions back in the Non-Multiplexed portion of Lesson 10 Training, I wanted to review the Consequent Equations for these functions (once again) because these equations do impact the signals that the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_Sk function (downstream) will “see.”

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 2M – The OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk and ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Functions”

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 1M – Entire Source Direction Path – All Atomic Functions (ODU Multiplexed Applications)

This post presents the 1st of the 6 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Source Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 1 – The Entire Source Direction Path – All Atomic Functions (ODU Multiplexed Applications)

Check Out the Video Below

Click HERE to Go to Video 2 – The OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk and ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Functions

Click HERE to return to the Main Lesson 10 Page – Multiplexed Applications

What We Cover in this Video

Video 1 (of the Multiplexed ODu4 System Videos) covers the following topics.

A brief review of Multiplexed Applications:
- The PT = 0x20 Approach, and
- The PT = 0x21 Approach
A brief review of the ITU-T G.798 Atomic Function’s support of the Multiplexed Applications
- The ODUkP/ODU[i]j_A_So/Sk Functions (for PT = 0x20 Applications), and
- The ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_So/Sk Functions (for PT = 0x21 Applications)
Our Application Example: 80 Channels of 1000BASEX -> ODU0 -> ODU4
ODU0P/CBR_ETC1000X-A_So (1Gbps Ethernet Adaptation Source Function)
Main Purpose: To take a 1000BASE-X (1Gbps Ethernet signal) and map this signal into an ODU0 signal using the GMP-TTT Mapping Procedure.
- Generates a Default PMOH within the outbound ODU0 signal.
- Sends the ODU0 signal towards the downstream ODU0_TT_So function for further processing
- On-Board Clock Generator
  - Synthesizes a 1.244160 GHz Clock signal (e.g., the ODU0 bit-rates per ITU-T G.709) along with the AI_CK, AI_FS, and AI_MFS output signals to create an ODU0 signal.
- ODU0 Overhead Settings
  - PT (Payload Type) within the PSI Message – set to 0x07 for 1000BASE-X mapped into an ODU0.
  - CI_SSF -> CSF bit-field within the outbound PSI Message (of OPU0 Frame)
ODU0_TT_So Function
Main Purpose: To compute a Real (and Correct) PMOH and insert data into its ODU0 data-stream.
- The role of this function is very similar to what we described back in the discussion of the ODUk_TT_So function (in the Non-Multiplexed Portion of Lesson 10).
ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_So Function (ODUk to ODUj Multiplex Source Function)
Main Purpose: In this example, the ODUkP/ODUj-21_A_So function will map and multiplex 80 ODU0 signals into an OPU4/ODU4 server signal.
- Convert each ODUj tributary signal into an Extended ODUj signal by attaching the FAS and MFAS fields to each ODUj frame.
- APS Support
  - Within the ODUj Tributary Signal itself, and
  - Within the ODUk Server Signal
- Can configure each ODUj tributary to operate in the Locked Mode (e.g., it overwrites the ODUj tributary signal with the ODUj-LCK Maintenance signal and maps/multiplexes that signal into the ODUk server signal.
- Setting the PT byte (within the outbound ODUk server signal to 0x21).
- Quick Review of the MSI bytes (within each outbound PSI Message).
- The OMFI Byte-field (for ODU4 Multiplexed Applications ONLY).
- We set the PMOH within the ODUk Server Signal to the Default Values. Route this signal to the downstream ODUk_TT_So Function.
ODUk_TT_So Function
Main Purpose: To compute a Real (and Correct) PMOH and insert data into its ODU4 data stream.
- The role of this function is the same as what we described back in the discussion of the ODUk_TT_So function (in the Non-Multiplexed Portion of Lesson 10).
OTUk/ODUk_A_So Function
Main Purpose: To map an ODU4 client signal into the OTU4 Server signal.
- The role of this function is the same as what we described back in the discussion of the ODUk_TT_So function (in the Non-Multiplexed Portion of Lesson 10).

In Figure 1, I highlight the Atomic Functions discussed in Video 1.

ODU4/OTU4 Multiplexed System with the Source Direction Atomic Functions Highlighted

Figure 1, Illustration of the ODU4/OTU4 System, with the Atomic Functions that we discuss in Video 2 highlighted

You Can Also Check Out the Video Below:

Click HERE to Go to Video 2 – The OTUk/ODUk_A_Sk and ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Functions

Click HERE to return to the Main Lesson 10 Page – Multiplexed Applications

Resources, Corrections, and Additional Information about this Post

Resources Page - Lesson 10 - ODU Layer Defect Handling and Performance Monitoring Requirements

Resources – OTN Lesson 10

Resources - OTN Lesson 10 - ODU Layer Defect Handling and Performance Monitoring Requirements This page contains links to various ...

The Forum Page

The Best Darn OTN Training ... Period - Forum This page serves as a place-holder for the Forum. The Forum ...

Mistakes and Corrections to OTN Lesson 10 - ODU Layer Defects and Performance Monitoring Requirements

OTN – Lesson 10 – Mistakes/Corrections

OTN Lesson 10 - ODU Layer Defects and Performance Monitoring Requirements - Mistakes/Corrections This page identifies any mistakes and corrections ...

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6N – Round-Trip Path Delay Measurements, pN_Delay

This post presents the 6th of the 7 Videos that covers training on the Peformance Monitoring of the ODUk Layer (for Non-Multiplexed Applications). This post focuses on the Sink Direction ODU-Layer Atomic Functions. More specifically, this post presents a video that describes how we can use the ODUk_TT_So and ODUk_TT_Sk atomic functions to measure the pN_Delay parameter.

OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6N – pN_Delay Measurements (via the ODUk_TT_Sk and ODUk_TT_So Atomic Functions)

This blog post includes a video that discusses how we perform round-trip path delay measurements, pN_Delay, (using two sets of ODUk_TT_Sk and ODUk_TT_So functions) by manipulating the DMp bit-field within each ODUk frame.

This video also closes out our discussion of the ODUk_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 10 – Video 6N – Round-Trip Path Delay Measurements, pN_Delay”