Tag: Tandem Connection Monitoring

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 5

This blog post includes a video that discusses both the ODUTm_TT_Sk (Non-Intrusive Monitoring) Function and the ODUT/ODU_A_Sk Atomic Function. This is the last blog post to describe and define the TCM-related Atomic Functions.

Lesson 11 – Video 7 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – ODUTm_TT_Sk and ODUT/ODU_A_Sk Atomic Functions

This blog post contains a video that covers the fifth part of the Sink Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the following two atomic functions:

  • ODUTm_TT_Sk (Atomic Function for Non-Intrusive Monitoring – TCM Applications), and
  • ODUT/ODU_A_Sk

More specifically, this video covers the following aspects of each of these Atomic Functions.

  • ODUTm_TT_Sk Atomic Function
    • Applications in which we would use the ODUTm_TT_Sk Atomic Function (e.g., Non-Intrusive Monitoring for TCM Subnetworks)
    • A brief overview of this function’s capabilities and attributes
    • How this function differs from the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function?
      • When the ODUT_TT_Sk Function is operating in the OPERATIONAL Mode
      • If the ODUT_TT_Sk Function is running in the MONITOR Mode, and
      • When the ODUT_TT_Sk Function is working in the TRANSPARENT Mode
  • ODUT/ODU_A_Sk Atomic Function
    • Where this function fits into the Tandem Connection Monitoring Network
    • The Architecture/Functionality of the ODUT/ODU_A_Sk Function
      • Operation in the various TCM Modes (e.g., OPERATIONAL and MONITOR/TRANSPARENT).
      • The Protection Port (for Automatic Protection Switching support).
      • The Removal Block – How this function terminates the “Selected TCMOH and APS/PCC field.”
      • Replacing the Normal ODU signal (carrying client data) with either the ODU-AIS or ODU-LCK Maintenance Signals.
      • Asserting CI_SSF and CI_SSD in response to upstream defect conditions.

This video completes our discussion/review of the TCM-related Atomic Functions.

Check Out the Video Below.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 5”

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 4

This blog post presents the fourth and final video of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function. This video discusses how the ODUT_TT_Sk function supports Performance Monitoring at TCM Level i.

Lesson 11 – Video 6 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function, Part FOUR

This blog post contains a video that covers the fourth part of the Sink Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the fourth part of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

More specifically, this video covers the following Performance Monitoring parameters that the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function generates.

  • TCMi-pN_DS (TCM Level i, Near-End Defect Seconds)
  • TCMi-pF_DS (TCM Level i, Far-End Defect Seconds)
  • TCMi-pN_EBC (TCM Level i, Near-End Error-Block Count)
  • TCMi-pF_EBC (TCM Level i, Far-End Error-Block Count)
  • pN_delay – TCM Level i, Round-Trip Subnetwork Delay

This video also briefly describes the functionality of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function whenever it has been configured to operate in both the:

  • Monitor Mode, and
  • Transparent Mode

This video completes our discussion of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

Check Out the Video Below.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 4”

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 3

This blog post includes a video that serves as the 3rd (of our 4 Videos) that discusses the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function. This video focuses on the TCMi-dDEG (Signal Degrade) defect condition, Defect Correlation and Consequent Equations.

Lesson 11 – Video 5 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function, Part THREE

This blog post contains a video that covers the third part of the Sink Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the third part of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

This video specifically covers the following operations (within the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function).

  • How the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function declares and clears the TCMi-dDEG (Signal Degrade) defect condition
  • Defect Correlation within the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function. This video reviews the following Defect Correlation Equations:
    • cSSF <- CI_SSF or dAIS;
    • cLTC <- dLTC and (NOT CI_SSF);
    • cOCI <- dOCI and (NOT CI_SSF);
    • cLCK <- dLCK and (NOT CI_SSF);
    • cTIM <- dTIM and (NOT CI_SSF) and (NOT dAIS) and (NOT dLTC) and (NOT dOCI) and (NOT dLCK);
    • cDEG <- dDEG and (NOT CI_SSF) and (NOT dAIS) and (NOT dLTC) and (NOT dOCI) and (NOT dLCK) and (NOT(dTIM and (NOT TIMActDis)));
    • cBDI <- dBDI and (NOT CI_SSF) and (NOT dAIS) and (NOT dLTC) and (NOT dOCI) and (NOT dLCK) and (NOT dTIM) and (NOT TIMActDis)));
  • Consequent Equations within the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function. This video review the following Consequent Equations:
    • aBDI <- (CI_SSF or dAIS or dLTC or dOCI or dLCK or dTIM) and TCMCI_Mode != TRANSPARENT;
    • aBIAE <- dIAE and TCMCI_Mode != TRANSPARENT;
    • aTSF <- CI_SSF or ((dAIS or (dLTC and LTCAct_Enable) or dOCI or dLCK or (dTIM and (NOT TIMActDis))) and TCMCI_Mode == OPERATIONAL;
    • aTSD <- dDEG and TCMCI_Mode == OPERATIONAL;
    • aAIS <- (dOCI or (dLTC and LTCAct_Enable) or dLCK or (dTIM and (NOT TIMActDis))) and TCMCI_Mode == OPERATIONAL;
    • aBEI <- nBIPV and TCMCI_Mode != TRANSPARENT;

Check out the Video Below.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 3”

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 2

This blog post contains a video that serves as Part TWO of our discussion of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function. In this video, we discuss how this function declares and clears the TCMi-dTIM, TCMi-dAIS, TCMi-dLCK, TCMi-dOCI, TCMi-dIAE and TCMi-dBIAE defects.

Lesson 11 – Video 4 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function, Part TWO

This blog post contains a video that covers the second part of the Sink Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the second part of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

This video specifically covers the following functions (within the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function).

  • How the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function declares and clears the following defect conditions
    • TCMi-dTIM (Trail Trace Identification Mismatch Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dAIS (Alarm Indication Status Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dLCK (Locked Status Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dOCI (Open Connection Indicator Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dLTC (Loss of Tandem Connection Monitoring Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dIAE (Input Alignment Error Defect for TCM Level i)
    • TCMi-dBIAE (Backward Input Alignment Error Defect for TCM Level i)

Check out the Video Below

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 2”

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 1

This blog post contains video training that covers Introductory Material and the First Portion of the discussion of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.

Lesson 11 – Video 3 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function, Part ONE

This blog post contains a video that covers the initial part of the Sink-Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the first part of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function.  

This video specifically covers the following functions (within the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function).

  • The Interfaces of the ODUT_TT_Sk Atomic Function
  • Near-End Error Checking – TCMi-BIP-8 Error Checking/Verification
    • TCMi-BEI Generation (in response to TCMi-BIP-8 Errors)
  • Far-End Error Checking – TCMi-BEI Checking
  • Defects
    • TCMi-BDI (Backward Defect Indicator) Defect Condition

Check Out the Video Below.

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Sink Atomic Functions – Video 1”

OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Source Atomic Functions

This blog post presents video training on the Source Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring-related Atomic Functions.

Lesson 11 – Video 2 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Source Atomic Functions

This blog post contains a video that covers the Source-Direction Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) related Atomic Functions.

In particular, this video covers the following Atomic Functions

  • ODUT/ODU_A_So – ODUT to ODU Adaptation Source Function, and 
  • ODUT_TT_So – ODUT Trail Termination Source Function

We will discuss how these functions generate and handle an ODUT (ODU – Tandem Connection Monitoring) signal in each case.

We will also define terms such as TCM Levels and Modes.  

Continue reading “OTN – Lesson 11 – Tandem Connection Monitoring – Source Atomic Functions”

Defect – Definition

This post presents ITU-T G.806’s definition of a defect or defect condition.

Defect – Definition

ITU-T G.806 defines the word defect as follows:

Defect: The density of anomalies has reached a level where the ability to perform a required function has been interrupted.

We use defects as an input for performance monitoring, controlling consequent actions, and determining fault causes.

In other words, defects are bad.

If some piece of networking equipment is declaring a defect condition, it is saying it “cannot do its job properly” because of this condition.

Defects that We Cover in this Blog

We cover the following defects in this blog.

For OTN Applications

OTU Layer
  • dLOS-P – Loss of Signal – Path
  • dLOS-P[i] – Loss of Signal – Path, Electrical Lane, i
  • dLOFLANE[j] – Loss of Frame – of Logical Lane j
  • dLOR[j] – Loss of Recovery, Logical Lane j
  • dLOL – Loss of Lane Alignment
  • Excessive Skew (OTL3.4 and OTL4.4 Applications)
  • dLOF – Loss of Frame
  • dLOM – Loss of Multi-Frame
  • dAIS – (OTUk-) Alarm Indication Signal
  • dTIM – Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch
  • dBDI – Backward Defect Indicator
  • dDEG – Signal Degrade
  • dIAE – Input Alignment Error
  • dBIAE – Backward Input Alignment Error
ODU Layer
  • dAIS – (ODUk) Alarm Indication Signal
  • dLCK – Locked Status
  • dOCI – Open Connection Indication
  • dTIM – Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch
  • dBDI – Backward Defect Indicator
  • dDEG – Signal Degrade
Non-Multiplexed Applications
  • dLCS – Loss of Character Synchronization (100GBASE-R)
  • dPLM – Payload Type Mismatch
Multiplexed Applications
  • dLOOMFI – Loss of OMFI Synchronization
  • dLOFLOM[p] – Loss of Frame, Loss of Multi-Frame – ODUj Tributary Port p
  • dMSIM[p] – Multiplex Structure Identifier Mismatch – ODUj Tributary Port p
Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)
  • TCMi-dAIS – TCM Level i, Alarm Indication Signal
  • TCMi-dLCK – TCM Level i, Locked Status
  • TCMi-dOCI – TCM Level i, Open Connection Indication
  • TCMi-dTIM – TCM Level i, Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch
  • TCMi-dBDI – TCM Level i, Backward Defect Indicator
  • TCMi-dDEG – TCM Level i, Signal Degrade
  • TCMi-dIAE – TCM Level i, Input Alignment Error
  • TCMi-dBIAE – TCM Level i, Backward Input Alignment Error
  • dLTC – Loss of Tandem Connection Monitoring

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